Acquired hydrocephalus is a type of hydrocephalus that develops after birth, usually as a result of an injury or a medical condition that affects the brain's ability to regulate the production, flow, or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Unlike congenital hydrocephalus, which is present at birth, acquired hydrocephalus can develop at any age.
Acquired hydrocephalus can be caused by a variety of conditions, including brain tumors, meningitis, traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, and infections. These conditions can lead to an obstruction in the flow of CSF, a reduction in the absorption of CSF, or an overproduction of CSF, which can cause an increase in intracranial pressure and lead to the development of hydrocephalus.
Signs and symptoms
The symptoms of acquired hydrocephalus may vary depending on the underlying cause and can include:
- headaches
- nausea
- vomiting
- seizures
- visual disturbances
- changes in mental status
Treatment for acquired hydrocephalus typically involves addressing the underlying condition that caused the hydrocephalus, such as surgery to remove a brain tumor or antibiotics to treat an infection. In some cases, a shunt procedure may be necessary to divert the excess CSF and relieve the pressure on the brain.